PAINTINGS OF HIMALAYAN MOUNTAINS : Nicholas Roerich



Nicholas RoerichCC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
The Rite of Spring

Here are some of the paintings of the northern part of India. The artist was not an India born person.

Father was German. He was a lawyer. Mother was Russian. They lived in the city of Saint Petersburg. This city was formerly known as Petrograd (1914-1924). Yes, it was known as Leningrad (1924-1991), too. But we would call the city of Saint Petersburg. 

You step into the world of Nicholas Roerich, and suddenly, borders dissolve. You no longer belong to just one nation, and neither did he. Born into a union that gave the world a soul of uncommon vision, Roerich became more than a painter, more than a traveler—he became a seeker. As you follow the thread of his life, you feel that his journey was never merely about crossing physical landscapes; it was about traversing the inner realms of the human spirit.

You imagine him walking—yes, walking—across mountains, valleys, and deserts. Sometimes he did just that, covering miles on his own two feet. This wasn’t wanderlust alone. You sense it was something deeper, almost as if Providence whispered in his ear, telling him his life was to be a canvas painted with countless experiences. Among those experiences, one pursuit burned brightest: the noble art of painting.

Now, picture yourself standing before one of his most evocative works, The Brahmaputra. You feel the pull of the river without moving an inch. The painting doesn’t demand your attention—it invites it, drawing you into a meditative state. You begin to suspect that Roerich himself must have been in a similar mood of deep reflection while creating it. 


Nicholas RoerichCC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Order of Rigden Djapo
There’s a therapeutic rhythm in the way your eyes travel over its surface. You could sit here for minutes, maybe hours, letting the calm seep into your thoughts. Try it—you might find yourself breathing more slowly, feeling more grounded.

At first glance, the forms in The Brahmaputra are simple. But the simplicity is deceptive. Within those spare outlines lies an unfolding drama, brought to life through the richness of blue. The hue is cool yet commanding, restrained yet full of quiet power. You notice how it transforms the scene into something more than a representation—it becomes a mirror for contemplation. The more you look, the more you realize this is not a painting you simply see; it’s one you experience.

Roerich’s journeys often brought him to India, and here his brush found new mountains to climb. The Himalayan peaks became his muses. You can almost see him standing before them, tracing their lines with his gaze, sensing the harmony of their forms. Few artists have painted the Himalayas with such reverence, and you feel that his connection went beyond the visual—it was spiritual. He didn’t just capture the peaks; he conversed with them.


Nicholas RoerichCC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Nag Lake. Kashmir
You understand that a painting like this doesn’t come from chaos. It’s the result of ordered effort, of deliberate choices. When you first look at any painting, you naturally register the form. Then your eyes move to the shapes, the relationships between them. 

If you’ve been fortunate enough to see great works before, you start to recognize patterns—moments where the artist’s vision crystallized into a perfect expression.

You find yourself hunting for that very moment in Roerich’s work—the instant when brush met canvas and something eternal was born. In every well-crafted piece, you expect to find the same essential ingredients: form, mood, harmony, and the elusive spirit of the moment. With Roerich, you find them all.

Artists often speak of being overtaken by a force when working with color, a kind of inner compulsion that guides their hand. As you stand before The Brahmaputra, you can feel that force at work. It’s as though the blues chose themselves, as though the forms arranged themselves, driven by some instinct Roerich could only follow, not command.

You walk away from the painting but carry it with you. You realize that art like this is more than visual pleasure—it’s a conversation with the soul. Through his travels, Roerich gathered not just images but essences. He distilled them into his canvases, leaving you with pieces that are at once deeply personal and universally resonant.

When you think of Nicholas Roerich now, you don’t just think of an artist. You think of a man whose life was a pilgrimage, whose footsteps carried him across continents and whose vision carried him into realms beyond sight. You feel that, by looking at his work, you too have traveled—through time, across landscapes, into the quiet heart of beauty itself.

The Artist:   For an artist, a painting, the fruit of his or her labour, is much more than a painted surface. Through the medium of colours, he or she tries to infuse the order of nature in a painting. It is the order that nature has in it, intrinsically embedded within.  


Nicholas Roerich, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Thus, when we look at a painting, we would find the objects the artist has painted, the form, and the physical outlines of the things and situations. These are obviously the medium: the shapes of the things painted; the situations the artists had created. In fact, these are the alphabet and the artist uses to convey his or her feelings.  

The writers and poets have a poetic license from the Almighty God. They can take extra liberty while executing their art, their inner talent. The artists have this type of license for using their artistic skills to their best. While acting upon this special authority, poetic licence, the painters impose the forms in their paintings. They do so by making the altered state of the forms.

However, the trend of imposing such transformed forms has never remained static. It has undergone constant change since the days of ancient artists’ work to the modern stock of artistic outputs. And that is the reason why the forms on the canvases have always kept changing. The shapes of the objects painted have transformed themselves as per the choices of the artists like Picasso and Van Gogh. 

How to Communicate Through Forms: The painters' ideas about the forms, as they perceived them, are quite complex. It varies with the experience of each and every artist. Their method of communication is unique in nature, so far as the great painters are concerned. Some artists believe that the defined lines of the objects in the painting are the foremost necessity. The Renaissance painters did believe so. Some artists regard the definite lines are so important: the modern artists, including those of the impressionist clan. 


Nicholas RoerichCC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
"The Great Flag of the Orient" series
Every artist of known calibre has tried to reveal the intrinsic value of his or her aesthetic experiences. The artist does it through his or her paintings, done in the form of his or her choices.

Kang-chen-dzod-nga – Five Treasures of Great Snows. Paintings of the Himalayan Mountain "Mount of Five Treasures (Two Worlds)".  

And why is this sublime mountain called Five Treasures of Great Snows? Because it contains a store of the five most precious things in the world. They contain gold, diamonds, and rubies under their peaked surfaces. The old East values other treasures. It is said that a time would come when the famine element would overcome the whole world. At that time, a man would appear and he would unlock the giant gate of these vast treasuries and nurture the entire mankind.  

Certainly, you understand that this man will nourish humanity not physically, but with spiritual food. - Nicholas Roerich. 

The job of an artist is a complex one, in a sense. The painter’s work, and the purpose for which he or she paints, is somehow to remake the mental images he or she has made on seeing a scene or the objects. 

The Artist Acting As A Bridge: The artist’s desire is to share his or her experience through the art that would churn out a note of recognition in the viewers’ eyes. Thus, the work of art constructs a bridge between the viewers and the artist, communicating the inner traffic of an artist’s mind to the art lovers’ eyes. 

Thus, the piece of art that was merely an image in the artist’s mind, the painting that was only a child of intuition, becomes available to those who value the same. 

Raja Ravi Varma : The Artist of Mythological Scenes

Raja Ravi Varma : The Artist of Mythological Scenes


Raja Ravi Varma, Public domain,
 via Wikimedia Commons
Shakuntala and Sakhis

When you step into a gallery displaying Raja Ravi Varma’s paintings, you aren’t just looking at art—you’re walking into a living, breathing chapter of India’s cultural history. You see canvases that tell epic stories, not through mere symbolism, but through faces that feel real, emotions you can almost touch, and scenes that feel as if you could step into them.

Raja Ravi Varma (1848–1906) wasn’t simply a painter; he was a visionary who understood how to bridge the timeless grandeur of Indian mythology with the technical mastery of European art traditions. And as you explore his work, you begin to realize that his genius lay in how he made gods and goddesses, princes and princesses, look not like distant celestial beings but like people you could meet, speak to, and admire in everyday life.

The Man Behind the Brush

When you imagine Ravi Varma at work, you might picture him in his quiet Kilimanoor studio, a man of modesty, humility, and deep religious devotion. These weren’t just personality traits—they shaped every decision he made on the canvas. You see his values reflected in the way he painted women, the way he treated sacred stories, and the respect he held for his subjects.

Even though he was working in an era when European realism was becoming fashionable, he never abandoned India’s narrative traditions. Instead, he asked himself: How can I make these ancient stories feel alive for my people today? His answer became his life’s work—mythological paintings that could speak to a grandmother reciting the Ramayana, a child hearing the Mahabharata for the first time, and even an art patron in London seeing Indian epics through fresh eyes.

Blending Two Artistic Worlds


Raja Ravi Varma,
Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Sri Rama Vanquishing the Sea

As you study Ravi Varma’s work, you see a remarkable fusion. On one side, you find the narrative depth, symbolism, and devotional aura of Indian classical art. On the other, you see realistic anatomy, perspective, chiaroscuro, and naturalistic lighting borrowed from European academic painting.

You realize he wasn’t imitating Europe—he was transforming it to fit India’s spirit. In his paintings, the folds of a sari fall with the same natural grace as a European gown, but the patterns, colors, and textures are unmistakably Indian. His landscapes might use Western perspective, but they’re filled with banana groves, temple courtyards, and palatial verandas familiar to you.

The Women of Ravi Varma’s Mythology

As you move from painting to painting, you can’t help but notice that women dominate his mythological works. But you don’t see them as ornaments or symbols of desire. Instead, you see queens who carry themselves with regal poise, goddesses whose calm gazes radiate compassion, and heroines whose inner strength shines through every brushstroke.

When you stand before his Lakshmi, you feel her blessing flow through the gold and crimson hues. When you see Saraswati, holding her veena, her eyes tell you she is more than a muse—she’s the embodiment of wisdom. Even in more intimate scenes, like Damayanti talking to the royal swan, you sense purity, dignity, and emotional depth.

By portraying women as complete individuals—spiritual, moral, and graceful—Ravi Varma quietly reshaped how Indian femininity would be seen in art for generations.

From Kilimanoor to the Royal Courts

Your journey through his life starts in Kilimanoor Palace, his ancestral home in Kerala. Here, a young Ravi Varma learns the basics of art under a local watercolorist. You can imagine him, brush in hand, watching the pigments spread across the paper, already dreaming of grander compositions.

Then his talent catches the attention of patrons, and fate leads him to a British artist who teaches him oil painting—a revolutionary medium for Indian artists at the time. This changes everything. Suddenly, Ravi Varma can achieve depth, richness, and realism that traditional tempera or watercolors couldn’t provide. He begins experimenting with shading, perspective, and naturalistic textures, elements that would define his style.

Painting the Epics: Mahabharata and Ramayana

As you follow Ravi Varma’s artistic journey, you see how deeply he immersed himself in India’s epic stories.

Damayanti and the Royal Swan


Raja Ravi Varma, Public domain,
via Wikimedia Commons
Hamsa Damayanti

When you first encounter Princess Damayanti Talking with the Royal Swan, you feel as though you are intruding on an intimate moment from the Mahabharata. Damayanti sits poised, her posture delicate yet dignified, draped in a sari that shimmers with intricate gold embroidery. 

Every fold of the fabric seems to breathe with the gentle breeze imagined in the painting. Her eyes, large and luminous, are fixed on the swan before her—no ordinary bird, but a celestial messenger.

The swan, captured mid-sentence with its beak slightly open, looks almost alive. Its feathers are painted with such precision that you can imagine their softness. Its wings curve in a subtle arc, hinting at both grace and divine purpose. You sense that it carries not just words but the weight of fate itself.

The background is serene: a soft landscape of water lilies, tranquil waters, and distant palace towers. You can almost hear the quiet lapping of water, the faint rustle of leaves. This stillness mirrors the emotional calm Damayanti must feel as she listens to the swan relay King Nala’s declarations of love. In that instant, you realize this is more than just a meeting—it’s the moment destiny sets its course, captured forever in paint.

Draupadi’s Plight


Raja Ravi Varma (1848 - 1906),
Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
''Draupadi Vastraharan'' c. 1888 -1890

Then you stand before Ravi Varma’s depiction of Draupadi’s humiliation in the Kaurava court, and the atmosphere changes instantly. The air feels heavier. The scene before you is charged with moral outrage and emotional tension.

Draupadi stands in the center, her sari being pulled in a cruel act meant to strip her of dignity. Her eyes—large, imploring, desperate—are fixed upward, seeking Krishna’s divine intervention. You feel her silent cry in your bones, as if she is asking you personally to bear witness to this injustice.

Around her, the court is a theater of cruelty. The Kauravas’ faces are twisted with arrogance and malice, their postures exuding dominance. Some in the crowd avert their eyes in shame, others watch with morbid satisfaction. You sense the collective failure of the court’s morality, the collapse of dharma in the very place meant to uphold it.

Ravi Varma uses light to powerful effect here. Draupadi is bathed in a glow, her figure standing out starkly against the darker tones of the assembly hall. This illumination feels symbolic—a beacon of virtue surrounded by shadows of corruption. The folds of her sari multiply in the scene, subtly showing the miracle of Krishna’s protection, where every attempt to disrobe her is thwarted. You can’t walk past this painting casually; it demands you pause, reflect, and feel the injustice that changed the course of the Mahabharata.

Shakuntala’s Love


Raja Ravi Varma, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Sakunthala Pathralekhan

Finally, your gaze rests on Shakuntala writing a letter to Dushyanta, and a softer, more wistful mood takes over. You are transported into the dappled green of a forest clearing, the kind of space where light filters through the trees in golden shafts. Shakuntala sits on a low stone bench, surrounded by gentle wildflowers and the murmurs of nature.

She leans slightly forward, her slender wrist arched gracefully as she holds a palm leaf and stylus. Her head tilts just enough to suggest both concentration and longing. You see it in her eyes—the quiet ache of a heart waiting for a reply, the hope that her words will bridge the distance between her and the king who once pledged his love.

Her garments are simple yet elegant, the earthy tones harmonizing with the natural setting. Her hair is adorned with fresh flowers, their petals echoing her innocence and purity. Ravi Varma surrounds her with life—birds in the branches above, a gentle deer grazing in the background—subtly reinforcing the idea that love itself is part of the natural order.

Even without knowing Kalidasa’s play, you understand the essence: this is love in its most tender and vulnerable form. It’s the act of committing one’s emotions to words, not knowing if they will be received or returned. And as you stand before the canvas, you feel yourself silently urging Dushyanta to remember her, to answer her longing with the devotion she so clearly deserves.

The Influence of European Salon Art

As you move through his work chronologically, you see how European salon art influenced his compositions. His canvases grow larger, his subjects more dramatic, his backdrops more elaborate. Yet, the stories remain rooted in Indian soil. He uses oil paints with gold-like richness, creating a timeless glow that still feels alive today.

Democratizing Mythology Through Prints

You might think his influence was confined to royal patrons and art connoisseurs. But Ravi Varma wanted every household to have access to these mythological images. That’s why he started a lithographic press—a bold move for the late 19th century.

Imagine yourself in a small Indian town in the 1890s. You walk into a bazaar and see colorful prints of Krishna lifting Govardhan Hill, Arjuna receiving the Bhagavad Gita from Krishna, or Sita in Ashok Vatika. These aren’t just decorations; they’re cultural touchstones, bringing epic narratives into everyday homes.

Standing Before a Ravi Varma Painting Today

When you stand before one of his mythological works in a gallery—perhaps at the Sri Chitra Art Gallery in Thiruvananthapuram—you feel time dissolve. The oil paint glistens under the light, the colors still vibrant despite the century that has passed.

You notice the meticulous jewelry detailing, the natural skin tones, the folds in garments, and the play of shadow and light on every figure. His gods and goddesses don’t feel unreachable—they seem to be looking right at you, ready to step off the canvas and speak.

Why His Mythological Paintings Still Matter

Today, as you scroll through social media or watch Indian cinema, you might see echoes of Ravi Varma everywhere. Filmmakers borrow his framing for divine characters, calendar art still follows his visual templates, and even temple murals sometimes adopt his compositional style.

Why? Because he gave India a visual identity for its gods and heroes—one that merged realism with devotion, making mythology something you could not only read or hear but truly see.

Your Takeaway from Experiencing His Art

When you leave a Ravi Varma exhibition, you carry more than the memory of beautiful paintings. You carry the feeling of having stood in the presence of Sita’s quiet strength, Lakshmi’s gentle benevolence, Krishna’s playful charm, and Arjuna’s noble resolve.

You realize that through his art, Ravi Varma gave you a way to connect with your cultural roots while appreciating the global language of fine art. And in doing so, he ensured that India’s epic tales would continue to live—not just in texts, but in the colors, forms, and faces that speak directly to your heart.Keywords: Raja Ravi Varma paintings, Raja Ravi Varma mythological paintings, Indian art history, Mahabharata paintings, Ramayana art, Indian oil painting, Damayanti and the royal swan, Indian epic art, Lakshmi painting, Saraswati painting.